Chosen Solution

My hard disk was replaced 1 year ago, a couple months later this problem appeared, I was able to fix it but now I have the same problem. Each time I move my laptop, the problem appears. Could it be a bad connection of the hard disk or cable ?

You’re hitting a known issue in this series with the HD SATA cable. There are a few places where the cable can rub causing it to short out. You’ll need to replace it. Here is the IFIXIT guide you’ll need to follow: MacBook Pro 13" Unibody Mid 2010 Hard Drive Cable Replacement and here is the best cable to put in: MacBook Pro 13" Unibody (Mid 2012) Hard Drive Cable. You’ll need to do a bit of alteration to the system frame to make room for the bigger cable.