Chosen Solution

I have a Dell XPS laptop with a thunderbolt port. Will a USB C to headphone adapter work with it output audio through it?

I don’t see why not. It’s USB c to USB c ‘what else would you put into it?

Yes, but most will not work. Most of the adapters are designed for phones with the “audio alternate” protocol. Only certain phones have this. For laptops you need to make sure the adapter has its own DAC and processing circuity built into it.